{"id":3516,"date":"2022-12-22T11:42:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T10:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ageiweb.it\/geotema\/?p=3516"},"modified":"2023-07-31T06:34:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T04:34:49","slug":"65_geotema","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ageiweb.it\/geotema\/65_geotema\/","title":{"rendered":"Geotema 65 &#8211; The Sustainability of Italian Ports between Energy Efficiency and Environmental Quality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Carmen Bizzarri, Matteo Crea<\/p>\n<h3>The Sustainability of Italian Ports between Energy Efficiency and Environmental Quality<\/h3>\n<p>In the current environmental policy framework, energy policies play a leading role in the sustainable development of our country, which has a structural deficiency in some traditional energy sources. At this stage, however, studies aimed at verifying the methods of production with renewable energies and their location seem to excel in the panorama of research, favoring the economic and infrastructural feasibility in urban contexts and in particular port contexts. The latter in particular have endured an increase in traffic represented by ever larger ships that are transporting an increasing amount of goods and people faster and faster so that the quality of life in these areas, especially the urban-port areas, has greatly decreased. Improving the environmental quality of these territories becomes a priority for a sustainable development and consequently the contribution, in a first part, will analyze this situation of the ports by placing the phase of the landing of the ships in the ports for transport as a determining variable for the purposes environmental quality. Once moored, in fact, the ships do not turn off the engines with a consequent very high local and global air polluting effect and, considering the geography of the Italian ports, some of which are large urban centers, one can understand the impact that this practice have on human activities. In the second part the contribution will study from an environmental and economic point of view two possible ways to remedy this problem: the first, consisting of the advantage deriving from the entry into force of the IMO directives aimed at the use of low sulfur diesel fuel for ships. on the other hand oblige them to turn off the engines in the port and to feed exclusively through electricity supplied by the ports, providing in advance for the arrival of the ships in having pontoons and useful and sufficient equipment to power them. The cost-benefit analysis will determine the most correct investments in terms of combating climate change and cost-effectiveness. The third part, therefore, will illustrate the possible policies to be implemented in order to achieve sustainability in urban-port areas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La sostenibilit\u00e0 dei porti italiani tra efficienza energetica e qualit\u00e0 ambientale<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nell\u2019attuale quadro delle politiche ambientali, le politiche energetiche assumono un ruolo di primo piano per lo sviluppo sostenibile del nostro Paese, che ha una carenza strutturale di alcune fonti energetiche tradizionali. In questo momento, peraltro, nel panorama della ricerca sembrano primeggiare gli studi diretti a verificare le modalit\u00e0 di produzione con energie rinnovabili e la loro localizzazione, assecondando la fattibilit\u00e0 economica e infrastrutturale nei contesti urbani e in particolare quelli portuali. Questi ultimi in particolare hanno sopportato un aumento di traffico rappresentato da navi sempre pi\u00f9 grandi che trasportano in maniera sempre pi\u00f9 veloce una quantit\u00e0 crescente di merci e di persone tanto che la qualit\u00e0 della vita in tali aree, soprattutto quelle urbano-portuali, \u00e8 molto diminuita. Migliorare la qualit\u00e0 ambientale di questi territori diventa prioritario per una sostenibilit\u00e0 dello sviluppo e di conseguenza il contributo, in una prima parte, andr\u00e0 ad analizzare tale situazione dei porti ponendo la fase dell\u2019approdo delle navi nei porti per il trasporto come variabile determinante ai fini della qualit\u00e0 ambientale. Una volta ormeggiate, infatti, le navi non spengono i motori con un conseguente effetto inquinante aereo sia locale che globale molto elevato e, considerando la geografia dei porti italiani, alcuni tra i quali sono grandi centri urbani, si pu\u00f2 comprendere l\u2019impatto che tale pratica abbia sulle attivit\u00e0 umane. Nella seconda parte il contributo studier\u00e0 sotto il profilo ambientale ed economico due possibili modi per ovviare a tale problematica: la prima, consistente nel vantaggio derivante dall\u2019entrata in vigore delle direttive IMO volte all\u2019utilizzo del gasolio a basso contenuto di zolfo per le navi, dall\u2019altra obbligare le stesse a spegnere i motori in porto ed ad alimentarsi esclusivamente attraverso energia elettrica fornita dai porti, provvedendo anticipatamente all\u2019arrivo delle navi nel disporre di pontili e di attrezzature utili e sufficienti per alimentarle. L\u2019analisi costi-benefici determiner\u00e0 gli investimenti pi\u00f9 corretti sotto il profilo di lotta al cambiamento climatico e di economicit\u00e0. La terza parte \u00e8 diretta a illustrare, infine, le possibili politiche da attuarsi in modo da realizzare la sostenibilit\u00e0 nelle aree urbano-portuali.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La sostenibilidad de los puertos italianos entre la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y la calidad ambiental<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En el marco actual de las pol\u00edticas ambientales, las pol\u00edticas energ\u00e9ticas asumen un papel protag\u00f3nico para el desarrollo sostenible de nuestro pa\u00eds, que presenta un d\u00e9ficit estructural de algunas fuentes de energ\u00eda tradicionales. En este momento, sin embargo, los estudios destinados a verificar los m\u00e9todos de producci\u00f3n con energ\u00eda renovable y su ubicaci\u00f3n parecen sobresalir en el panorama de la investigaci\u00f3n, apoyando la viabilidad econ\u00f3mica y de infraestructura en contextos urbanos y, en particular, portuarios. Estos \u00faltimos en particular han sufrido un aumento del tr\u00e1fico representado por barcos cada vez m\u00e1s grandes que transportan una cantidad cada vez mayor de mercanc\u00edas y personas cada vez m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, tanto que la calidad de vida en estas zonas, especialmente las urbano-portuarias, ha disminuido considerablemente. Mejorar la calidad ambiental de estos territorios se convierte en una prioridad para el desarrollo sostenible y en consecuencia la aportaci\u00f3n, en una primera parte, analizar\u00e1 esta situaci\u00f3n de los puertos situando la fase de desembarque de buques en los puertos para su transporte como variable determinante para la prop\u00f3sitos calidad ambiental. Una vez amarrados, de hecho, los barcos no apagan sus motores con el consiguiente efecto de contaminaci\u00f3n del aire local y global muy alto y, considerando la geograf\u00eda de los puertos italianos, algunos de los cuales son grandes centros urbanos, es posible comprender el impacto que esta pr\u00e1ctica tiene sobre las actividades humanas. En la segunda parte, la contribuci\u00f3n estudiar\u00e1 desde un punto de vista ambiental y econ\u00f3mico dos posibles v\u00edas para superar este problema: la primera, consistente en la ventaja derivada de la entrada en vigor de las directivas IMO dirigidas al uso de combustibles con bajo contenido de azufre gas\u00f3leo para los buques, por otra parte, para obligarlos a apagar sus motores en puerto y a alimentarse exclusivamente de la electricidad suministrada por los puertos, previendo con antelaci\u00f3n a la llegada de los buques en tener acceso a muelles y \u00fatiles y suficientes equipos para alimentarlos. El an\u00e1lisis coste-beneficio determinar\u00e1 las inversiones m\u00e1s correctas en t\u00e9rminos de lucha contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico y rentabilidad. La tercera parte est\u00e1 destinada a ilustrar, finalmente, las posibles pol\u00edticas a implementar para lograr la sostenibilidad en las \u00e1reas urbano-portuarias.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> environmental quality, renewable energy, innovation in marine transport, sustainable ports, green economy<br \/>\n<strong>Parole Chiave:<\/strong> aree portuali e qualit\u00e0 ambientali, efficienza energetica, sostenibilit\u00e0 dei porti, green economy<br \/>\n<strong>Palabras clave:<\/strong> calidad ambiental, energ\u00edas renovables, innovaci\u00f3n en transporte mar\u00edtimo, puertos sostenibles, econom\u00eda verde<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #339966;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ageiweb.it\/geotema\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/65_Bizzarri_12.pdf\">Scarica PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-pdfemb-pdf-embedder-viewer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ageiweb.it\/geotema\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/65_Bizzarri_12.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"bottom\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"off\">65_Bizzarri_12<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tmnf_excerpt\"><p>Carmen Bizzarri, Matteo Crea The Sustainability of Italian Ports between Energy Efficiency and Environmental Quality In the current environmental policy framework, energy policies play a leading role in the sustainable development of our country, which has a structural deficiency in some traditional energy sources. At this stage, however, studies aimed at verifying the methods of &hellip;<\/p>\n<\/div><div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/www.ageiweb.it\/geotema\/65_geotema\/'><div class='heateor_sss_sharing_title' style=\"font-weight:bold\" ><\/div><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ageiweb.it%2Fgeotema%2F65_geotema%2F\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\"><span class=\"heateor_sss_svg\" style=\"background-color:#0765FE;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:5px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 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